Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria.
Identifieur interne : 003C29 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003C28; suivant : 003C30Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria.
Auteurs : Bruno Dubois [France] ; Howard H. Feldman [Canada] ; Claudia Jacova [Canada] ; Harald Hampel [France] ; José Luis Molinuevo [Espagne] ; Kaj Blennow [Suède] ; Steven T. Dekosky [États-Unis] ; Serge Gauthier [Canada] ; Dennis Selkoe [États-Unis] ; Randall Bateman [États-Unis] ; Stefano Cappa [Italie] ; Sebastian Crutch [Royaume-Uni] ; Sebastiaan Engelborghs [Belgique] ; Giovanni B. Frisoni [France] ; Nick C. Fox [Royaume-Uni] ; Douglas Galasko [États-Unis] ; Marie-Odile Habert [France] ; Gregory A. Jicha [États-Unis] ; Agneta Nordberg [Suède] ; Florence Pasquier [France] ; Gil Rabinovici [États-Unis] ; Philippe Robert [France] ; Christopher Rowe [Australie] ; Stephen Salloway [États-Unis] ; Marie Sarazin [France] ; Stéphane Epelbaum [France] ; Leonardo C. De Souza [Brésil] ; Bruno Vellas [France] ; Pieter J. Visser [Pays-Bas] ; Lon Schneider [États-Unis] ; Yaakov Stern [États-Unis] ; Philip Scheltens [Pays-Bas] ; Jeffrey L. Cummings [États-Unis]Source :
- The Lancet. Neurology [ 1474-4465 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Coopération internationale, Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujet (normes), Humains, Maladie d'Alzheimer (diagnostic), Maladie d'Alzheimer (génétique), Maladie d'Alzheimer (physiopathologie), Marqueurs biologiques (), Marqueurs biologiques (analyse), Phénotype, Sociétés médicales (normes).
- MESH :
- analyse : Marqueurs biologiques.
- diagnostic : Maladie d'Alzheimer.
- génétique : Maladie d'Alzheimer.
- normes : Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujet, Sociétés médicales.
- physiopathologie : Maladie d'Alzheimer.
- Coopération internationale, Humains, Marqueurs biologiques, Phénotype.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Biomarkers.
- chemical , chemistry : Biomarkers.
- diagnosis : Alzheimer Disease.
- genetics : Alzheimer Disease.
- physiopathology : Alzheimer Disease.
- standards : Practice Guidelines as Topic, Societies, Medical.
- Humans, International Cooperation, Phenotype.
Abstract
In the past 8 years, both the International Working Group (IWG) and the US National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association have contributed criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that better define clinical phenotypes and integrate biomarkers into the diagnostic process, covering the full staging of the disease. This Position Paper considers the strengths and limitations of the IWG research diagnostic criteria and proposes advances to improve the diagnostic framework. On the basis of these refinements, the diagnosis of AD can be simplified, requiring the presence of an appropriate clinical AD phenotype (typical or atypical) and a pathophysiological biomarker consistent with the presence of Alzheimer's pathology. We propose that downstream topographical biomarkers of the disease, such as volumetric MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose PET, might better serve in the measurement and monitoring of the course of disease. This paper also elaborates on the specific diagnostic criteria for atypical forms of AD, for mixed AD, and for the preclinical states of AD.
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0
PubMed: 24849862
Affiliations:
- Australie, Belgique, Brésil, Canada, Espagne, France, Italie, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Californie, Catalogne, Grand Londres, Hauts-de-France, Hollande-Septentrionale, Kentucky, Lombardie, Massachusetts, Midi-Pyrénées, Minas Gerais, Missouri (État), Nevada, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Occitanie (région administrative), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Province d'Anvers, Rhode Island, Région flamande, Svealand, Virginie, État de New York, Île-de-France
- Amsterdam, Anvers, Barcelone, Belo Horizonte, Lille, Londres, Milan, Nice, Paris, Saint-Louis (Missouri), Stockholm, Toulouse
- University College de Londres, Université d'Anvers, École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)
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Le document en format XML
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Feldman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacova, Claudia" sort="Jacova, Claudia" uniqKey="Jacova C" first="Claudia" last="Jacova">Claudia Jacova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UBC Division of Neurology, S152 UBC Hospital, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>UBC Division of Neurology, S152 UBC Hospital, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hampel, Harald" sort="Hampel, Harald" uniqKey="Hampel H" first="Harald" last="Hampel">Harald Hampel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molinuevo, Jose Luis" sort="Molinuevo, Jose Luis" uniqKey="Molinuevo J" first="José Luis" last="Molinuevo">José Luis Molinuevo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, IDIBAPS Hospital Clinici Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Centre, Fundació Pasqual Maragall, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, IDIBAPS Hospital Clinici Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Centre, Fundació Pasqual Maragall, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blennow, Kaj" sort="Blennow, Kaj" uniqKey="Blennow K" first="Kaj" last="Blennow">Kaj Blennow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mölndal</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dekosky, Steven T" sort="Dekosky, Steven T" uniqKey="Dekosky S" first="Steven T" last="Dekosky">Steven T. Dekosky</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gauthier, Serge" sort="Gauthier, Serge" uniqKey="Gauthier S" first="Serge" last="Gauthier">Serge Gauthier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, QC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selkoe, Dennis" sort="Selkoe, Dennis" uniqKey="Selkoe D" first="Dennis" last="Selkoe">Dennis Selkoe</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard Medical School Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bateman, Randall" sort="Bateman, Randall" uniqKey="Bateman R" first="Randall" last="Bateman">Randall Bateman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, MO, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, MO</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region><settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cappa, Stefano" sort="Cappa, Stefano" uniqKey="Cappa S" first="Stefano" last="Cappa">Stefano Cappa</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crutch, Sebastian" sort="Crutch, Sebastian" uniqKey="Crutch S" first="Sebastian" last="Crutch">Sebastian Crutch</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Dementia Research Centre, National Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Dementia Research Centre, National Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engelborghs, Sebastiaan" sort="Engelborghs, Sebastiaan" uniqKey="Engelborghs S" first="Sebastiaan" last="Engelborghs">Sebastiaan Engelborghs</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Centre for Biological Markers of Dementia, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Centre for Biological Markers of Dementia, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Anvers</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Anvers</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province d'Anvers</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frisoni, Giovanni B" sort="Frisoni, Giovanni B" uniqKey="Frisoni G" first="Giovanni B" last="Frisoni">Giovanni B. Frisoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hopitaux Universitaires et Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; HUG Belle-Idée, bâtiment les Voirons, Chêne-Bourg, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Hopitaux Universitaires et Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; HUG Belle-Idée, bâtiment les Voirons, Chêne-Bourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chêne-Bourg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Chêne-Bourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Nick C" sort="Fox, Nick C" uniqKey="Fox N" first="Nick C" last="Fox">Nick C. Fox</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galasko, Douglas" sort="Galasko, Douglas" uniqKey="Galasko D" first="Douglas" last="Galasko">Douglas Galasko</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, -University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, -University of California, San Diego, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habert, Marie Odile" sort="Habert, Marie Odile" uniqKey="Habert M" first="Marie-Odile" last="Habert">Marie-Odile Habert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM UMR, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM UMR, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jicha, Gregory A" sort="Jicha, Gregory A" uniqKey="Jicha G" first="Gregory A" last="Jicha">Gregory A. Jicha</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center, Lexington, KY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center, Lexington, KY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nordberg, Agneta" sort="Nordberg, Agneta" uniqKey="Nordberg A" first="Agneta" last="Nordberg">Agneta Nordberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasquier, Florence" sort="Pasquier, Florence" uniqKey="Pasquier F" first="Florence" last="Pasquier">Florence Pasquier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CHRU, Clinique Neurologique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CHRU, Clinique Neurologique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabinovici, Gil" sort="Rabinovici, Gil" uniqKey="Rabinovici G" first="Gil" last="Rabinovici">Gil Rabinovici</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>UCSF Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>UCSF Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robert, Philippe" sort="Robert, Philippe" uniqKey="Robert P" first="Philippe" last="Robert">Philippe Robert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>EA CoBTeK and Memory Center, CHU University of Nice, UNSA, Hôpital de Cimiez 4 av Victoria, Nice, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>EA CoBTeK and Memory Center, CHU University of Nice, UNSA, Hôpital de Cimiez 4 av Victoria, Nice</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Nice</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowe, Christopher" sort="Rowe, Christopher" uniqKey="Rowe C" first="Christopher" last="Rowe">Christopher Rowe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>FRACP, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>FRACP, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>VIC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salloway, Stephen" sort="Salloway, Stephen" uniqKey="Salloway S" first="Stephen" last="Salloway">Stephen Salloway</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Neurology and the Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology and the Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarazin, Marie" sort="Sarazin, Marie" uniqKey="Sarazin M" first="Marie" last="Sarazin">Marie Sarazin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Neurologie de la Mémoire et du Langage, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris Cedex, France; Université Paris 5, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurologie de la Mémoire et du Langage, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris Cedex, France; Université Paris 5, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Epelbaum, Stephane" sort="Epelbaum, Stephane" uniqKey="Epelbaum S" first="Stéphane" last="Epelbaum">Stéphane Epelbaum</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza, Leonardo C" sort="De Souza, Leonardo C" uniqKey="De Souza L" first="Leonardo C" last="De Souza">Leonardo C. De Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vellas, Bruno" sort="Vellas, Bruno" uniqKey="Vellas B" first="Bruno" last="Vellas">Bruno Vellas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Gerontopole, Pavillon Junod, University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Gerontopole, Pavillon Junod, University Toulouse 3, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visser, Pieter J" sort="Visser, Pieter J" uniqKey="Visser P" first="Pieter J" last="Visser">Pieter J. Visser</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Lon" sort="Schneider, Lon" uniqKey="Schneider L" first="Lon" last="Schneider">Lon Schneider</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Gerontology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Gerontology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stern, Yaakov" sort="Stern, Yaakov" uniqKey="Stern Y" first="Yaakov" last="Stern">Yaakov Stern</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheltens, Philip" sort="Scheltens, Philip" uniqKey="Scheltens P" first="Philip" last="Scheltens">Philip Scheltens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Alzheimer Centrum Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Alzheimer Centrum Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Jeffrey L" sort="Cummings, Jeffrey L" uniqKey="Cummings J" first="Jeffrey L" last="Cummings">Jeffrey L. Cummings</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nevada</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24849862</idno><idno type="pmid">24849862</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003739</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003739</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003625</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003625</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">003625</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">003625</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001A45</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001A45</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001A45</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003C79</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003C29</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003C29</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria.</title><author><name sortKey="Dubois, Bruno" sort="Dubois, Bruno" uniqKey="Dubois B" first="Bruno" last="Dubois">Bruno Dubois</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France. Electronic address: bruno.dubois@psl.aphp.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feldman, Howard H" sort="Feldman, Howard H" uniqKey="Feldman H" first="Howard H" last="Feldman">Howard H. Feldman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacova, Claudia" sort="Jacova, Claudia" uniqKey="Jacova C" first="Claudia" last="Jacova">Claudia Jacova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UBC Division of Neurology, S152 UBC Hospital, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>UBC Division of Neurology, S152 UBC Hospital, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hampel, Harald" sort="Hampel, Harald" uniqKey="Hampel H" first="Harald" last="Hampel">Harald Hampel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molinuevo, Jose Luis" sort="Molinuevo, Jose Luis" uniqKey="Molinuevo J" first="José Luis" last="Molinuevo">José Luis Molinuevo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, IDIBAPS Hospital Clinici Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Centre, Fundació Pasqual Maragall, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, IDIBAPS Hospital Clinici Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Centre, Fundació Pasqual Maragall, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blennow, Kaj" sort="Blennow, Kaj" uniqKey="Blennow K" first="Kaj" last="Blennow">Kaj Blennow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mölndal</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dekosky, Steven T" sort="Dekosky, Steven T" uniqKey="Dekosky S" first="Steven T" last="Dekosky">Steven T. Dekosky</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gauthier, Serge" sort="Gauthier, Serge" uniqKey="Gauthier S" first="Serge" last="Gauthier">Serge Gauthier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, QC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selkoe, Dennis" sort="Selkoe, Dennis" uniqKey="Selkoe D" first="Dennis" last="Selkoe">Dennis Selkoe</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard Medical School Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bateman, Randall" sort="Bateman, Randall" uniqKey="Bateman R" first="Randall" last="Bateman">Randall Bateman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, MO, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, MO</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region><settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cappa, Stefano" sort="Cappa, Stefano" uniqKey="Cappa S" first="Stefano" last="Cappa">Stefano Cappa</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crutch, Sebastian" sort="Crutch, Sebastian" uniqKey="Crutch S" first="Sebastian" last="Crutch">Sebastian Crutch</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Dementia Research Centre, National Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Dementia Research Centre, National Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engelborghs, Sebastiaan" sort="Engelborghs, Sebastiaan" uniqKey="Engelborghs S" first="Sebastiaan" last="Engelborghs">Sebastiaan Engelborghs</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Centre for Biological Markers of Dementia, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Centre for Biological Markers of Dementia, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Anvers</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Anvers</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province d'Anvers</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frisoni, Giovanni B" sort="Frisoni, Giovanni B" uniqKey="Frisoni G" first="Giovanni B" last="Frisoni">Giovanni B. Frisoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hopitaux Universitaires et Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; HUG Belle-Idée, bâtiment les Voirons, Chêne-Bourg, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Hopitaux Universitaires et Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; HUG Belle-Idée, bâtiment les Voirons, Chêne-Bourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chêne-Bourg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Chêne-Bourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Nick C" sort="Fox, Nick C" uniqKey="Fox N" first="Nick C" last="Fox">Nick C. Fox</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galasko, Douglas" sort="Galasko, Douglas" uniqKey="Galasko D" first="Douglas" last="Galasko">Douglas Galasko</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, -University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, -University of California, San Diego, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habert, Marie Odile" sort="Habert, Marie Odile" uniqKey="Habert M" first="Marie-Odile" last="Habert">Marie-Odile Habert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM UMR, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM UMR, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jicha, Gregory A" sort="Jicha, Gregory A" uniqKey="Jicha G" first="Gregory A" last="Jicha">Gregory A. Jicha</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center, Lexington, KY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center, Lexington, KY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nordberg, Agneta" sort="Nordberg, Agneta" uniqKey="Nordberg A" first="Agneta" last="Nordberg">Agneta Nordberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasquier, Florence" sort="Pasquier, Florence" uniqKey="Pasquier F" first="Florence" last="Pasquier">Florence Pasquier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CHRU, Clinique Neurologique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CHRU, Clinique Neurologique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabinovici, Gil" sort="Rabinovici, Gil" uniqKey="Rabinovici G" first="Gil" last="Rabinovici">Gil Rabinovici</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>UCSF Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>UCSF Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robert, Philippe" sort="Robert, Philippe" uniqKey="Robert P" first="Philippe" last="Robert">Philippe Robert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>EA CoBTeK and Memory Center, CHU University of Nice, UNSA, Hôpital de Cimiez 4 av Victoria, Nice, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>EA CoBTeK and Memory Center, CHU University of Nice, UNSA, Hôpital de Cimiez 4 av Victoria, Nice</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Nice</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowe, Christopher" sort="Rowe, Christopher" uniqKey="Rowe C" first="Christopher" last="Rowe">Christopher Rowe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>FRACP, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>FRACP, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>VIC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salloway, Stephen" sort="Salloway, Stephen" uniqKey="Salloway S" first="Stephen" last="Salloway">Stephen Salloway</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Neurology and the Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology and the Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarazin, Marie" sort="Sarazin, Marie" uniqKey="Sarazin M" first="Marie" last="Sarazin">Marie Sarazin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Neurologie de la Mémoire et du Langage, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris Cedex, France; Université Paris 5, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurologie de la Mémoire et du Langage, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris Cedex, France; Université Paris 5, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Epelbaum, Stephane" sort="Epelbaum, Stephane" uniqKey="Epelbaum S" first="Stéphane" last="Epelbaum">Stéphane Epelbaum</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza, Leonardo C" sort="De Souza, Leonardo C" uniqKey="De Souza L" first="Leonardo C" last="De Souza">Leonardo C. De Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vellas, Bruno" sort="Vellas, Bruno" uniqKey="Vellas B" first="Bruno" last="Vellas">Bruno Vellas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Gerontopole, Pavillon Junod, University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Gerontopole, Pavillon Junod, University Toulouse 3, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visser, Pieter J" sort="Visser, Pieter J" uniqKey="Visser P" first="Pieter J" last="Visser">Pieter J. Visser</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Lon" sort="Schneider, Lon" uniqKey="Schneider L" first="Lon" last="Schneider">Lon Schneider</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Gerontology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Gerontology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stern, Yaakov" sort="Stern, Yaakov" uniqKey="Stern Y" first="Yaakov" last="Stern">Yaakov Stern</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheltens, Philip" sort="Scheltens, Philip" uniqKey="Scheltens P" first="Philip" last="Scheltens">Philip Scheltens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Alzheimer Centrum Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Alzheimer Centrum Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Jeffrey L" sort="Cummings, Jeffrey L" uniqKey="Cummings J" first="Jeffrey L" last="Cummings">Jeffrey L. Cummings</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nevada</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Lancet. Neurology</title><idno type="eISSN">1474-4465</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease (diagnosis)</term><term>Alzheimer Disease (genetics)</term><term>Alzheimer Disease (physiopathology)</term><term>Biomarkers (analysis)</term><term>Biomarkers (chemistry)</term><term>Humans</term><term>International Cooperation</term><term>Phenotype</term><term>Practice Guidelines as Topic (standards)</term><term>Societies, Medical (standards)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coopération internationale</term><term>Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujet (normes)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Maladie d'Alzheimer (diagnostic)</term><term>Maladie d'Alzheimer (génétique)</term><term>Maladie d'Alzheimer (physiopathologie)</term><term>Marqueurs biologiques ()</term><term>Marqueurs biologiques (analyse)</term><term>Phénotype</term><term>Sociétés médicales (normes)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomarkers</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomarkers</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Marqueurs biologiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladie d'Alzheimer</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladie d'Alzheimer</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="normes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujet</term><term>Sociétés médicales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladie d'Alzheimer</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Practice Guidelines as Topic</term><term>Societies, Medical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term><term>International Cooperation</term><term>Phenotype</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coopération internationale</term><term>Humains</term><term>Marqueurs biologiques</term><term>Phénotype</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In the past 8 years, both the International Working Group (IWG) and the US National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association have contributed criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that better define clinical phenotypes and integrate biomarkers into the diagnostic process, covering the full staging of the disease. This Position Paper considers the strengths and limitations of the IWG research diagnostic criteria and proposes advances to improve the diagnostic framework. On the basis of these refinements, the diagnosis of AD can be simplified, requiring the presence of an appropriate clinical AD phenotype (typical or atypical) and a pathophysiological biomarker consistent with the presence of Alzheimer's pathology. We propose that downstream topographical biomarkers of the disease, such as volumetric MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose PET, might better serve in the measurement and monitoring of the course of disease. This paper also elaborates on the specific diagnostic criteria for atypical forms of AD, for mixed AD, and for the preclinical states of AD.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Canada</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suède</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Californie</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Hauts-de-France</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Kentucky</li><li>Lombardie</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Midi-Pyrénées</li><li>Minas Gerais</li><li>Missouri (État)</li><li>Nevada</li><li>Nord-Pas-de-Calais</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li><li>Province d'Anvers</li><li>Rhode Island</li><li>Région flamande</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Virginie</li><li>État de New York</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Anvers</li><li>Barcelone</li><li>Belo Horizonte</li><li>Lille</li><li>Londres</li><li>Milan</li><li>Nice</li><li>Paris</li><li>Saint-Louis (Missouri)</li><li>Stockholm</li><li>Toulouse</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li><li>Université d'Anvers</li><li>École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Dubois, Bruno" sort="Dubois, Bruno" uniqKey="Dubois B" first="Bruno" last="Dubois">Bruno Dubois</name></region><name sortKey="Epelbaum, Stephane" sort="Epelbaum, Stephane" uniqKey="Epelbaum S" first="Stéphane" last="Epelbaum">Stéphane Epelbaum</name><name sortKey="Frisoni, Giovanni B" sort="Frisoni, Giovanni B" uniqKey="Frisoni G" first="Giovanni B" last="Frisoni">Giovanni B. Frisoni</name><name sortKey="Habert, Marie Odile" sort="Habert, Marie Odile" uniqKey="Habert M" first="Marie-Odile" last="Habert">Marie-Odile Habert</name><name sortKey="Hampel, Harald" sort="Hampel, Harald" uniqKey="Hampel H" first="Harald" last="Hampel">Harald Hampel</name><name sortKey="Pasquier, Florence" sort="Pasquier, Florence" uniqKey="Pasquier F" first="Florence" last="Pasquier">Florence Pasquier</name><name sortKey="Robert, Philippe" sort="Robert, Philippe" uniqKey="Robert P" first="Philippe" last="Robert">Philippe Robert</name><name sortKey="Sarazin, Marie" sort="Sarazin, Marie" uniqKey="Sarazin M" first="Marie" last="Sarazin">Marie Sarazin</name><name sortKey="Vellas, Bruno" sort="Vellas, Bruno" uniqKey="Vellas B" first="Bruno" last="Vellas">Bruno Vellas</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Feldman, Howard H" sort="Feldman, Howard H" uniqKey="Feldman H" first="Howard H" last="Feldman">Howard H. Feldman</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Gauthier, Serge" sort="Gauthier, Serge" uniqKey="Gauthier S" first="Serge" last="Gauthier">Serge Gauthier</name><name sortKey="Jacova, Claudia" sort="Jacova, Claudia" uniqKey="Jacova C" first="Claudia" last="Jacova">Claudia Jacova</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Catalogne"><name sortKey="Molinuevo, Jose Luis" sort="Molinuevo, Jose Luis" uniqKey="Molinuevo J" first="José Luis" last="Molinuevo">José Luis Molinuevo</name></region></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Blennow, Kaj" sort="Blennow, Kaj" uniqKey="Blennow K" first="Kaj" last="Blennow">Kaj Blennow</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Nordberg, Agneta" sort="Nordberg, Agneta" uniqKey="Nordberg A" first="Agneta" last="Nordberg">Agneta Nordberg</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Virginie"><name sortKey="Dekosky, Steven T" sort="Dekosky, Steven T" uniqKey="Dekosky S" first="Steven T" last="Dekosky">Steven T. Dekosky</name></region><name sortKey="Bateman, Randall" sort="Bateman, Randall" uniqKey="Bateman R" first="Randall" last="Bateman">Randall Bateman</name><name sortKey="Cummings, Jeffrey L" sort="Cummings, Jeffrey L" uniqKey="Cummings J" first="Jeffrey L" last="Cummings">Jeffrey L. Cummings</name><name sortKey="Galasko, Douglas" sort="Galasko, Douglas" uniqKey="Galasko D" first="Douglas" last="Galasko">Douglas Galasko</name><name sortKey="Jicha, Gregory A" sort="Jicha, Gregory A" uniqKey="Jicha G" first="Gregory A" last="Jicha">Gregory A. Jicha</name><name sortKey="Rabinovici, Gil" sort="Rabinovici, Gil" uniqKey="Rabinovici G" first="Gil" last="Rabinovici">Gil Rabinovici</name><name sortKey="Salloway, Stephen" sort="Salloway, Stephen" uniqKey="Salloway S" first="Stephen" last="Salloway">Stephen Salloway</name><name sortKey="Schneider, Lon" sort="Schneider, Lon" uniqKey="Schneider L" first="Lon" last="Schneider">Lon Schneider</name><name sortKey="Selkoe, Dennis" sort="Selkoe, Dennis" uniqKey="Selkoe D" first="Dennis" last="Selkoe">Dennis Selkoe</name><name sortKey="Stern, Yaakov" sort="Stern, Yaakov" uniqKey="Stern Y" first="Yaakov" last="Stern">Yaakov Stern</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Lombardie"><name sortKey="Cappa, Stefano" sort="Cappa, Stefano" uniqKey="Cappa S" first="Stefano" last="Cappa">Stefano Cappa</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Crutch, Sebastian" sort="Crutch, Sebastian" uniqKey="Crutch S" first="Sebastian" last="Crutch">Sebastian Crutch</name></region><name sortKey="Fox, Nick C" sort="Fox, Nick C" uniqKey="Fox N" first="Nick C" last="Fox">Nick C. Fox</name></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région flamande"><name sortKey="Engelborghs, Sebastiaan" sort="Engelborghs, Sebastiaan" uniqKey="Engelborghs S" first="Sebastiaan" last="Engelborghs">Sebastiaan Engelborghs</name></region></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rowe, Christopher" sort="Rowe, Christopher" uniqKey="Rowe C" first="Christopher" last="Rowe">Christopher Rowe</name></noRegion></country><country name="Brésil"><region name="Minas Gerais"><name sortKey="De Souza, Leonardo C" sort="De Souza, Leonardo C" uniqKey="De Souza L" first="Leonardo C" last="De Souza">Leonardo C. De Souza</name></region></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Hollande-Septentrionale"><name sortKey="Visser, Pieter J" sort="Visser, Pieter J" uniqKey="Visser P" first="Pieter J" last="Visser">Pieter J. Visser</name></region><name sortKey="Scheltens, Philip" sort="Scheltens, Philip" uniqKey="Scheltens P" first="Philip" last="Scheltens">Philip Scheltens</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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